Carpal Tunnel Syndrome





Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition causing pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers due to pressure on the median nerve in the wrist.

This pressure often results from swelling or irritation within the carpal tunnel, a narrow passage in the wrist that houses tendons and the median nerve.


The roof of the carpal tunnel is comprised of the flexor retinaculum.

There are ten carpal bones comprise the floor of the tunnel.

There are contents of the tunnel include:

Four flexor digitorum profundus tendons

Four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

Flexor pollicis longus tendon

Median nerve











Thoracic Outlet Syndrome







Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a condition where nerves or blood vessels in the space between your first rib and clavicle are compressed.

This compression can lead to pain, numbness, tingling, and other symptoms in the arm, forearm, and hand.


Types of TOS include:


Neurogenic

Compression of the nerves, most commonly the brachial plexus, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling.

Arterial TOS

.Compression of the arteries, potentially causing pain, numbness, ischemia, or clot formation.

Venous TOS

Compression of the veins, potentially leading to swelling, discoloration, and blood clots.

Etiology


Anatomical factors

Cervical rib

Other bony abnormalities


Repetitive motions

Repetitive overhead movements.


Poor posture


Trauma


Neoplasm


Symptoms


Pain


Tingling, or numbness, paresthesias


. Weakness


Coldness or pallor


Edema


Diagnosis


Physical exam

Nerve Conduction Studies

Medical Imaging


Interventions

Physical Therapy (ROM, strengthening, etc.)

NSAIDs

Lifestyle/behavior modification

Decompression Surgery