1. Weight bearing and distribution
The arches effectively distribute the body's weight across the foot, preventing excessive pressure on specific areas. The medial longitudinal arch, in particular, plays a significant role in absorbing and distributing the impact of each step.
2. Shock absorption
The arches act as natural springs, absorbing the impact of each step and protecting the bones, joints, and soft tissues from excessive stress. The elastic properties of the arches and associated structures like the plantar fascia, help in spreading ground contact forces, reducing the risk of musculoskeletal wear and damage.
3. Propulsion during locomotion
The arches, especially the medial longitudinal arch, act as a springboard, providing propulsive force for activities like walking, running, and jumping. During the stance phase of the gait cycle, the foot pronates, causing the medial longitudinal arch to flatten and store mechanical energy. During the swing phase, the foot supinates, causing the arch to elevate and become a rigid lever for propulsion.
4. Adaptability to uneven surfaces
The arches allow the foot to adapt to various surfaces, maintaining balance and stability on uneven terrain. The dynamic nature of the arches enables them to adjust to changes in terrain and movement, ensuring contact with the ground and providing stability.
5. Protection of structures
The concavity created by the arches provides protection for the nerves and blood vessels located on the sole of the foot.
In essence, the arches “work” synergistically to provide a strong and flexible foundation for the entire body, enabling efficient movement and absorbing the stresses of daily activities.
Disruptions to these arches, such as flat feet or high arches, can lead to pain, gait abnormalities, and other musculoskeletal up the kinetic chain.
