In understanding the effects of LLLT physical therapist assistants must rely on their previously mastered concepts in human anatomy and physiology. Below are three descriptions of how LLLT effects may be therapeutic.
Mitochondrial Chromophore Stimulation
As you likely remember the mitochondrion is a crucial membraned organelle largely responsible for the production of ATP. Chemophores are photosensitive molecules embedded within mitochondrial and cellular plasma membranes. They are sensitive to different wavelengths of light produced by LLLT and their stimulation enhances ATP synthesis, mRNA production, and osteoblastic proliferation. All of these may enhance tissue healing capabilities.
Increased levels of nitric oxide and histamine
Nitric oxide and histamine are powerful vasodilators. Increased vasodilation may decrease tissue ischemia, increase perfusion, and thereby bring more nutrients to an area and facilitate the removal of wastes, also facilitating healing capabilities.
Decreased prostaglandin E2 levels
As you may recall, prostaglandins are important molecules found within cells and play crucial roles in the inflammatory response and stimulating nocioceptors. For example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advil inhibit prostaglandin production with a result of limiting pain.
